Fine particles enter from outdoors
PM2.5 can enter through open doors, windows and ventilation air. Filtration performance and building operation matter during elevated outdoor pollution.
Why it matters
Indoor pollution has many sources.
People spend long periods inside buildings. Outdoor haze, ventilation, furnishings, cleaning products, moisture and occupied activities can all affect the air inside. A sound response starts with measurement, not assumptions.
Live outdoor context
Central Singapore Air Quality Index
View current outdoor readings from the World Air Quality Index project. Outdoor AQI provides useful context, but it does not represent conditions inside a specific premise.
Common cases in Singapore spaces
The correct control depends on the pollutant source and how the space is used.
Materials release chemicals
Paints, adhesives, composite wood, flooring and furniture can emit volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde. Source control and ventilation come first.
Ventilation falls behind demand
Meeting rooms, classrooms and care settings can experience elevated carbon dioxide, heat and humidity when fresh-air supply does not match occupancy.
Moisture supports microbial growth
Leaks, condensation and poor drainage can lead to mould and odours. Moisture correction is essential before surface treatment.
Cleaning and activities add pollutants
Cleaning chemicals, fragrances, cooking, printing and maintenance can introduce particles or gases. Product substitution and operating controls may be needed.
Reference frameworks
Standards inform the assessment.
Healthy Space identifies the agreed benchmark in each report. These frameworks remain separate programmes owned by their respective organisations.
NEA haze guidance
Singapore’s National Environment Agency publishes air-quality and haze information, including the Pollutant Standards Index and PM2.5 readings. View official haze information ↗
Singapore guidance
Workplace indoor-air reviews may refer to Singapore Standard SS 554 and guidance issued through Singapore’s workplace safety and health system. View WSH guidance ↗
WELL Building Standard
The WELL Air concept addresses indoor air quality through source elimination or reduction, building design and operational strategies. Healthy Space certification is not WELL Certification. Explore WELL Air ↗
BCA Green Mark
Singapore’s Green Mark scheme assesses environmental performance and includes health and wellbeing considerations within its wider building framework. View Green Mark ↗
Important: Anti-pollutant coatings can form one part of a control plan. They do not correct inadequate ventilation, active leaks, contaminated materials or poor maintenance. Healthy Space assesses the whole intervention and verifies measured conditions.